Furthermore, a set of stand level parameters was evaluated to characterize the dynamics of mixed stands, e.g.
Parameters for the characterization of mixed stand structure such as stand density, species composition, horizontal (intermingling) and vertical tree distribution pattern, tree size distribution, and age composition are described, detailing the potential as well as the constraints of these parameters for understanding resource capture, use, and efficiency in mixed stands. In this review we have compiled a set of measures, indices, and methods at stand level to characterize the structure, dynamics, and productivity of mixed stands, and we discuss the pros and cons of their application in growth and yield studies. However, the concepts and methods used to characterize mixed stands need to be understood, as well as harmonized and standardized.
The growth and yield of mixed-species stands has become an important topic of research since there are certain advantages of this type of forest as regards functions and services.
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